高等教育的財政【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設計）外文翻譯HigherEducationFinancePublicPrivateSupptofInstitutionsHighereducationsystemsaroundthewlddependonacombinationofpublicprivateresourcestofundtheiroperations.Thereisagreatdealofvariationamongcountriesinthepropt

2、ionofpublicprivateresourcestheyconsume.Inthemajityofcountriesinstitutionsareprimarilyfinancedthroughpublicresourcesinthefmofgovernmentsuppttuitionfeesotherprivatesourcesofsupptarelownonexistent.Attheotherendofthespectrum

3、arecountriessuchastheUnitedStateswhereprivateresourcesconstituteasmuchashalfmeofthetotalresourcesdevotedtohighereducation.PublicSourcesofSupptInmostcountriespublicsourcesofsupptrepresentbyfarthelargestresourcefhighereduc

4、ationinstitutions.Thewayinwhichthesepublicfundsaredistributedthesignalsthatthesefundsprovidetoinstitutionalofficialsarecriticalindefiningthefinancingstructureofthecountry.Thereareanumberofissuesthathelptoacterizepublicsu

5、pptofhighereducationincluding:–howresearchactivitiesrecurrentoperatingexpenses(runningcosts)capitalexpensesarefinanced–fundinggovernanceissuesincludingwhoisresponsiblefdistributingfunds–accountabilitymodels–taxbasedsuppt

6、.HowarecapitalimprovementsfinancedCapitalimprovementsinhighereducationtheconstructionrenovationoffacilitiestheacquisitionoflargeequipmenttendtobefinancedinoneofseveralways.Anumberofcountriespayfcapitalexpensesthroughthes

7、amepublicfundingmechanismsthatpayfinstructionoperationspossiblyresearch.Butininstitutionsinpartbecauseitisdifficultfgovernmentstopickwinnersftuitionfeestobedifferentiatedthusprovidingameasureofquality.Asecondissueinvolvi

8、ngtherelationshipbetweenfeesfundingiswhathappenstogovernmentsupptinresponsetochangesintuitionfees.ThequestioniswhenfeesareincreasedwhathappenstothegovernmentsupptthoseinstitutionsreceiveIfthereisnoreductioninpublicsuppti

9、nstitutionshavelittlereasonnottoincreasetheirfees.Ontheotherhifgovernmentfundsarereducedonefonewithanyincreaseinfeesthentheinstitutionwillhavelittleincentivetoraisefeesbecausetheothermajfmofsupptwillbecrespondinglyreduce

10、d.Theappropriatepolicyissomewhereinbetweenwithpublicfundingreducedtoreflectincreasesinfeerevenuesbutnotasmuchastheincreaseinfees.Athirdchallengeofcodinationinvolvestherelationshipbetweenfeesfinancialaidwhenfeesareincreas

11、ed.Mostcountriesseekingtoraisetuitionfeesinrelativetermshavenotadequatelyrecognizedtheneedtoincreasestudentaidtoprotectagainsttheadverseeffectsofincreasingfeesfstudentsfamiliesthatcannotaffdthoseincreases.Concernsaboutth

12、isnexusofhigherfeesmefinancialaidcenteronthreeissues.Firstloansarerelieduponmuchmethangrantsasameanstopayffeeincreases.Secondtheaidprovidedwhetherinthefmofloansgrantsisgenerallyinsufficienttomeettheincreasedfinancialneed

13、createdbyhigherfees.Thirdtypicallyfeeincreasesareputinplacebefeanadequatestudentfinancialaidsystemhasbeenputintooperationtherebycreatinganewgrowingclassofneedystudentsfeedingstudentfearsthataidwillnotbetheretooffsettheef

14、fectsofhigherfees.PrivateSourcesofFundstoInstitutionsCollegesuniversitiesaroundthewlddependonavarietyofprivatesourcesoffundstohelpsuppttheirrecurrentoperationsfundtheircapitalimprovements.Theseprivatesourcesofrevenuesinc

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