偵查訊問(wèn)中的錯(cuò)案防范.pdf

1、中文摘要中文摘要最近幾年，一系列情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的刑事錯(cuò)案接二連三的被媒體曝光，刑事錯(cuò)案發(fā)生的原因主要是偵查訊問(wèn)程序在運(yùn)行上發(fā)生了偏差。杜培武案和余祥林案極為典型。杜培武案揭示了偵查訊問(wèn)中存在嚴(yán)重的刑訊逼供，佘祥林案揭示了偵查訊問(wèn)中存在筆錄失真的現(xiàn)象。偵查訊問(wèn)階段產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)案的原因總體上有以下幾種：落后訴訟觀念根深蒂固，口供至上的取證觀積習(xí)難改和有罪推定的偵查觀積重難返；沉默權(quán)制度的缺失導(dǎo)致我國(guó)的“如實(shí)回答”實(shí)質(zhì)為自證其罪；律師偵查訊問(wèn)在場(chǎng)權(quán)的缺失

2、使得律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)在我國(guó)法律中無(wú)從體現(xiàn)；我國(guó)偵查訊問(wèn)監(jiān)督機(jī)制缺乏強(qiáng)制的程序約束，導(dǎo)致監(jiān)督機(jī)制弱化；筆錄失真掩蓋了不當(dāng)訊問(wèn)，對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人的供述有選擇的記錄，隱匿誘導(dǎo)過(guò)程形成符合需要的筆錄。防范偵查訊問(wèn)中出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)案：需要轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)V訟觀念，從口供本位觀到物證本位觀的轉(zhuǎn)變，使無(wú)罪推定的偵查觀深入人心；需要建構(gòu)中國(guó)式沉默權(quán)，我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)中國(guó)式沉默權(quán)制度，開(kāi)啟了沉默權(quán)在我國(guó)確立的大門(mén)，很多學(xué)者對(duì)此持肯定態(tài)度，沉默權(quán)應(yīng)該是有限度的沉默權(quán)，只能對(duì)涉及案

3、件事實(shí)的信息享有沉默權(quán)，對(duì)其他非涉案信息不享有沉默權(quán)：需要確立偵查訊問(wèn)中律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)制度，律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)制度可以防止庭審中被告人翻供，從而節(jié)省了司法資源，隨著人權(quán)保障的觀念日益增強(qiáng)，很多人盼望確立律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)制度，偵查訊問(wèn)律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)的具體內(nèi)容初期應(yīng)以形式律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)為主，實(shí)質(zhì)律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)為輔，以后逐漸發(fā)展為實(shí)質(zhì)律師在場(chǎng)權(quán)的模式；需要建構(gòu)偵查訊問(wèn)同步監(jiān)督，逮捕后應(yīng)立即將犯罪嫌疑人送到看守所這一法律規(guī)定為偵查訊問(wèn)同步監(jiān)督提供了場(chǎng)所的可行性，我國(guó)最高檢察

4、院推行了“檢察引導(dǎo)偵查”的改革措施為偵查訊問(wèn)同步監(jiān)督帶來(lái)了曙光，偵查訊問(wèn)同步監(jiān)督的具體內(nèi)容是充分發(fā)揮駐所檢察員的監(jiān)督作用，對(duì)訊問(wèn)過(guò)程要全程監(jiān)督并在訊問(wèn)筆錄中簽名；需要確立自白補(bǔ)強(qiáng)規(guī)則，我國(guó)目前的證據(jù)規(guī)則研究成果豐富，VI供不能定案原則日益受到重視，為自白補(bǔ)強(qiáng)規(guī)則的確立提供了濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍，自白補(bǔ)強(qiáng)規(guī)則的具體內(nèi)容是要對(duì)自白證據(jù)補(bǔ)強(qiáng)，筆錄與筆錄之間不具有證據(jù)補(bǔ)強(qiáng)作用，補(bǔ)強(qiáng)證據(jù)的落腳點(diǎn)應(yīng)在錄音錄像上，對(duì)AbstractAbstractInre

5、centyears，aseriesofseriouscriminalmisjudgedcaseexposurebymedia，causemiSjudgedcriminalcasesoccurredmainlyininvestigativeinterrogationprocedurethedeviationinoperationTheDuPeiwucaseandtheSheXianglincaseisaverytypicalcasesoc

6、curredininvestigationandinterrogationDuPeiwucaserevealedserioustorturetogetconfessionsexistininterrogation，SheXianglinrevealedtranscriptsdistortionininterrogationCausesofmisjudgedcaseinthestageofinvestigationandinterroga

7、tionarethefollowing：Behindthelitigationideaingrained，forensicsandinvestigationconfessionfirstviewtheideaofguiltisserious；lackoftherightofsilenceinChina，thetruthfullyanswerisIhaveguilt；lackoftherightoflawyerpresenceininve

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10、nystandardtochangebasedontheinvestigationofevidence，letpeopleknowtheideaofinnocence；toconstructtherightofsilenceChina，thesilencerightChinatypeinthejudicialpracticeofourcountryhadtherightofsilencesystem，openthethedooronth

11、erighttosilence，alotofscholarssupportthisideaThespecificcontentoftherighttosilenceisthelimitedrighttosilence，therightofsilenceisusedtothefactsofthecase，theotherinformationdoesnotenjoytherightofsilence；toestablishtheright

12、oflawyerpresenceininvestigationandinterrogation，lawyerpresencerightcanpreventthede佗ndantinthetrialevidence，inordertocutdownjudicialresources，theideaofprotecthumanrightsisenhancedgraduallyalotofpeoplelookforwardtoestablis